White House Historical Association

Alice Brooks


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"Alice Brooks," White House Workers History Project, White House Historical Association, 2026, https://whha.whirlihost.com/Detail/workers/551.
Position
Laundress
Years in President's House
circa 1897
Legal Status
Free Person
Gender
Female
Race/Ethnicity
Black or African American
Biography

Alice Brooks was born in Virginia in May 1856.1 Little is currently known about her early life, but she was living in Washington, D.C. with her family as early as 1880.2 

It is likely Alice Brooks worked as a laundress at the White House in 1897. That year, she was listed in the official register of federal government employees as “assistant laundress” working under laundress Eliza Parker.3 Their specific government department was not listed, but Eliza Parker likely worked at the White House, which would place Brooks there as well. It is currently unclear if she worked at the White House prior to or after 1897. The 1910 and 1920 Census recorded Brooks as a laundress in Washington, D.C., but did not specify her employer.4 Little else is known about Alice Brooks at this time.

  1. “Alice Brooks” in the 1900 United States Federal Census, accessed via Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7602/records/7967247. The White House Workers History Project relies on the U.S. Census Bureau’s updated guidelines for collecting demographic data related to race and ethnicity published in 2024. Adhering to these categories, this project identifies this person as Black or African American; however, there is documentation or other evidence suggesting that they were multiracial or mixed race. It is important to recognize that historical terms such as “mulatto” and “colored” are problematic, as these reflect the document writer’s views and the historical period more than the individual’s preferences or identity.
  2. “Alice Brooks” in the 1880 United States Federal Census, accessed via Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/6742/records/35172953  
  3. Official Register of the United States, Containing a List of Officers and Employees in the Civil, Military, and Naval Service, together with a List of Vessels Belonging to the United States, July 1, 1897 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1897), 1:470.
  4. “Alice Brooks” in the 1910 United States Federal Census, accessed via Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7884/records/151804039; “Alice Brooks” in the 1920 United States Federal Census, accessed via Ancestry.com, https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/6061/records/113264655
Birthplace
Virginia, USA
Unclear from context
Related Workers
Jane Bell
Housekeeping and Laundry, circa 1895
Eliza Parker
Housekeeping and Laundry, circa 1895 – 1897