White House Historical Association

Ann Emerson


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"Ann Emerson," White House Workers History Project, White House Historical Association, 2026, https://whha.whirlihost.com/Detail/workers/16.
Position
Housekeeper
Years in President's House
1791 – circa 1795
Legal Status
Free Person
Gender
Female
Race/Ethnicity
White
Biography

Details about Ann Emerson’s birth and early life are currently unknown. She married Captain Emerson, (first name unknown) and had three children. She was listed as a widow living in Philadelphia in the 1790 Census.1 

President George Washington hired Ann in 1791 as a housekeeper for the President’s House in Philadelphia. She came at the recommendation of a Philadelphia merchant named Henry Hill. She worked in Hill’s household prior to her marriage. Washington’s private secretary, Tobias Lear wrote: “As she was not left in circumstances to to support herself & 3 Children without some employment, she has, through Mr Hill, made an application for the place of House keeper in this family. Mr. Hill recommends her in the warmest terms for honesty, industry & excellent management in a family.”2 Ann earned £33.33 each quarter.3 She worked closely with the steward, Samuel Fraunces, and Tobias Lear was very complimentary of her service, writing in a letter to Washington: “Our family affairs seem to go on pretty smoothly under the administration of Fraunces & Mrs. Emerson.”4 It is unclear when she left Washington’s household, but she no longer appears in household accounts after 1795.5

No additional information has been found about her life after working in the President’s House.

  1. Heads of Families at the First Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1790 Pennsylvania, (Washington Government Printing Office, 1908), accessed September 15, 2025, https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc2.ark:/13960/t09w0rs6v&seq=13.
  2. “Tobias Lear to George Washington, 1 May 1791,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-08-02-0111. [Original source: The Papers of George Washington, Presidential Series, vol. 8, 22 March 1791 – 22 September 1791, ed. Mark A. Mastromarino. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1999, pp. 145–148.]
  3. “George Washington Papers, Series 5, Financial Papers: Pocket or Waste Book of Daily Expenses, 1793-1794," Library of Congress, accessed September 25, 2025, https://www.loc.gov/resource/mgw5.117_1052_1115/?sp=5&st=image.
  4. “Tobias Lear to George Washington, 29 May 1791,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-08-02-0165. [Original source: The Papers of George Washington, Presidential Series, vol. 8, 22 March 1791 – 22 September 1791, ed. Mark A. Mastromarino. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1999, pp. 217–219.]
  5. Mrs. Emerson appears in a letter from Samuel Fraunces to George Washington in October 1793. “Samuel Fraunces to George Washington, 23 October 1793,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-14-02-0187. [Original source: The Papers of George Washington, Presidential Series, vol. 14, 1 September–31 December 1793, ed. David R. Hoth. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2008, p. 261.]
Birthplace
Unclear from Context
Unclear from Context
Related Worker
Samuel Fraunces
Ushers, Stewards, and Doorkeepers, 1789 – 1790, 1791 – 1794